You are responsible for all notes, hand-outs and questions. Please place particular focus on the following themes/concepts/topics:
Unit 2: People and Culture
Please be aware that you are responsible for understanding all notes/handouts
Understand how elements of material and non-material culture contribute to a culture over time.
Demonstrate an understanding of how various cultures have contributed to the Island cultural mosaic (Mi’kmaq, Scottish, Irish, Chinese, Lebanese).
People and Culture Intro slideshow notes (study and understand all notes)
o Be able to define “culture”
o Be able to elaborate on whether or not immigrants should assimilate to fit the Canadian/Island norm.
Material Culture and History slideshow notes
o Be able to define material culture (use examples)
o Benefits of studying material culture
o What can material culture tell us about a group of people? (list)
o Understand how material culture can reflect physical environment
o You must be able to look at an example of material culture and explain what we can learn about a particular culture (I will give you a picture and a brief explanation).
Mi’kmaq slideshow notes
o Responsible for all notes and understand how their material culture reflects their semi-nomadic lifestyle.
o European Pioneers slideshow notes (you are responsible for all notes)
o Reasons for Scottish and Irish immigration
o "Waves" of immigration
New Islanders and the Retention of Unique Culture (slideshow notes -- handout)
o Reasons for Lebanese immigration (challenges) Lebanese Peddler questions
o Chinese settlers (discrimination) -- questions
o Recent immigration
Notes and Questions: Loyalist and Black Immigration; Black Islanders; Black Island History: Methods of Historical Thinking; Questions 1-7 Jim Hornby's Black Islanders
Understand who the Loyalists were and why they came to the Island (effects?)
Connection between the Loyalists and the establishment of a Black community on the Island.
The Bog, Bog School (Sarah Harvie). Be able to discuss the positives/negatives associated with living in The Bog. Know location of the Bog. What did The Bog school represent to the Black Island community? What connection might the closing of The Bog school have with the dissolution of The Bog?
Understand why there are challenges in finding and interpreting historical data of the Black experience on PEI and beyond.
Be able to discuss how immigration and emigration patterns are similar or different between present day and the 18th and 19th century on PEI.
Be able to discuss what the predominant factor was that led to the establishment of an African-Island community on PEI. Know the factors which caused the community to become demographically invisible over time.
Notes: Education on PEI, 1800s
Be able to describe a typical school during the 1800s
How were children viewed during this time period? How did the types of punishment used reflect this perspective? Use examples to support your answer.
Rules for teachers
Post-Secondary Education on PEI
How does the current view of education differ from that of the past? How can we explain these differences?
Be able to explain the correlation between school vacation and the farming community.
Does the closure of small community schools lead to a loss of cultural identity, or to an enriched larger community? Support your answer.
Notes: Power and Government Introduction; Party Politics
Why do we need government?
Power of Disallowance
Three types of government
Division of responsibilities (provincial and federal)
Two types of democracy (be able to give one example of when direct democracy was used on the Island)
Be able to identify different groups that hold power in Canada
Political terminology (definitions)
Multi-party system (definition)
Know that Canada has 18 registered political parties with varying platforms
PEI Party Politics (what parties have held power? Who holds power today? Who is our premier? Opposition?)
Why is party membership important?
Be able to identify significant premiers in Island history
Be able to differentiate between FPTP and PR electoral models. Know which model we currently use on PEI. Which model do you feel should be used? Support your answer
Know plebiscite results of Nov. 2005 vote
Be able to define partisanship and patronage
Can patronage be avoided in a place as small as PEI? Support your answer
Is partisanship an ideal method for choosing who you vote for? Support your answer
Notes: Mi'kmaq and French; Mi'kmaq Political Organization (hand-out)
Understand Mi'kmaq government and political organization
Who was Nicolas Denys? Was he successful in his establishment of a settlement?
Explain the proposed use for Compte St. Pierre's land grant. Was he successful?
Significance of Michel dit Hache Gallant
Relationship between French and Mi'kmaq; Intermarriage (how was it different than the Metis?)
Explain how the Island was governed under the French (Divine Right, Intendants). What were some of the downfalls?
Notes: British Government; The Belfast Riot (questions and history frame); The Colonial Era Questions; William Cooper and Escheat Questions; The Road to Responsible Government
Government structure
Limits to the new democracy
Elections (how was voting done? what did this set the stage for?)
Belfast Riot (who, why, what , when, where) What legislative changes did the riot bring about?
Significance of the quotation "this is a damned queer parliament"
How did PEI get its name?
Land Questions/Issue. What was the problem with the ownership of land on the Island in the mid 1800s?
Who was William Cooper? What connection did he have to the land issue?
Be able to define "escheat"
Who was George Coles?
Problems with government structure
Who were the "Family Compact"?
What is "responsible government"? When was PEI granted responsible government? What did this mean for the Island?
Notes: Canadian Confederation and PEI; PEI and Confederation -- The Road to 1873 (and questions)
Why was the Charlottetown Conference called? How did the "Canadas" change the agenda of this conference?
Why did the "Canadas" see a union with the Maritime provinces as being favorable?
What was the agenda for the Quebec Conference? What was PEI's reaction
Why did PEI reject Confederation?
What was the London Conference? When did Canada become a nation?
Be able to identify and elaborate on the three main reasons PEI stayed out of Confederation (political autonomy, trade/economy, taxation).
Why did the British want PEI to join Confederation? Canada? The U.S?
What promises ("better terms") did Canada send to PEI to entice it to join its nation?
What "crisis" forced the Island to join Confederation?
When did PEI join Confederation? What did it gain from joining?
Notes: 1901-1948 -- Prohibition on PEI
Background info -- Why?
Who supported prohibition and why?
Temperance Society
Results of prohibition
Temperance Act
Notes: People and Culture: Leisure Activities
What can leisure activities tell us about a society?
Be able to identify leisure activities of Islanders "back in the day"
What connection do leisure activities and social status have? Examples?
Be able to explain the three ways historians/sociologists say that leisure activities have changed over the years. Do you agree or disagree? Support your position with examples.
Your exam will consist of multiple choice, fill in the blanks, matching, short answer and an essay question
Essay question: Please prepare in advance. Please choose one of the following options and prepare a minimum five (5) paragraph essay. You will be required to hand in an outline with your essay (worth marks). I will give you a template in advance to help you organize your information. You will not be permitted to take this outline into the exam.
Essay question: Please prepare in advance. Please choose one of the following options and prepare a minimum five (5) paragraph essay. You will be required to hand in an outline with your essay (worth marks). I will give you a template in advance to help you organize your information. You will not be permitted to take this outline into the exam.
1. In a well-developed essay, discuss the history of the Black Islanders (their journey here, their treatment on the Island, their community, education, their treatment in the justice system, professions, racism, involvement in greater community, and causes for the dissolution of their distinct community). Be sure to use specific examples to support your claims.
2. Discuss how various cultures have contributed to our cultural mosaic. You will need to be able to explain the reasons these groups of people came to the Island and discuss any challenges they may have encountered during their journey and/or upon arrival.
3. Discuss the process by which PEI eventually entered into Confederation. Be sure to include all background information relating to Confederation. You may wish to present an opinion in your essay, but be sure to use historical facts to support your position.
Grading criteria:
➢Content: good data, original ideas, relevant material effectively presented, good coverage of subject with no obvious gaps or omissions
➢Organization: clear thesis, good organization and flow of ideas supporting thesis, strong conclusion, evidence the essay has been 'thought out' and planned
➢Style, Viewpoint: good sentence construction, good paragraphing, good vocabulary choice, clear and concise expression of ideas, clear and well defined viewpoint/opinion
➢Grammar/Format: spelling, grammar, proofreading, neatness/legibility, title, numbering, double-spacing
Each of these categories will be marked out of five possible points as follows:
1= unsatisfactory attempt to meet criteria given;
2= meets criteria but poorly and/or incompletely;
3= meets criteria at satisfactory level but below average for grade;
4= good work, meets most criteria to grade standard;
5= excellent work, meets and exceeds expectations, original ideas Essay: 20 marks Outline: 5 marks
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